Luxembourg’s Population Growth Slows Compared to Malta and Ireland

Luxembourg experienced a modest population growth in 2024, but the rate lagged behind that of Malta and Ireland, according to the latest statistical data. While Luxembourg continues to grow, its population increase was not as pronounced as these two other small European countries, highlighting distinct demographic dynamics within the EU.

Data from Eurostat and national statistical offices reveal that Malta posted the highest rate of population growth in the EU at 19.0 per 1,000 people, followed by Ireland with 16.3 per 1,000, and Luxembourg coming third at 14.7 per 1,000 in 2024. This measure accounts for the combined effects of natural population change (births versus deaths) and net migration (immigration minus emigration).

Ireland’s population rose by approximately 98,700 people in the year to April 2024, marking its largest 12-month population increase since 2008. The increase was driven by high levels of net migration with more immigrants arriving than emigrating, along with a natural increase in births exceeding deaths. Ireland's demographic growth reflects strong immigration flows, both from within the EU and from other countries, including returning Irish citizens.

Meanwhile, Luxembourg, despite its steady increase, exhibited relatively slower growth. In 2023, Luxembourg's population growth rate was around 2.02%, stable from the previous year, and the increase in 2024 was modest compared to Malta and Ireland. The population expansion in Luxembourg is influenced by positive net migration, reflecting its status as a prosperous, attractive destination for expatriates and international workers, though natural increase contributes less compared to migration.

Malta's sharp population rise is mainly attributed to its high net migration rate as well as a natural increase, resulting in a population density among the highest in Europe.

These population trends reveal differing demographic pressures and opportunities across small EU states. Luxembourg remains one of the fastest-growing EU countries, but the recent slowdown relative to Malta and Ireland points to evolving migration patterns and demographic shifts.

Overall, Luxembourg, Malta, and Ireland continue to lead population growth within the European Union, driven largely by international migration flows and youthful demographics, indicating ongoing transformation in Europe’s population landscape.

EU population increases for the 4th consecutive year - News articles - Eurostat
Key Findings Population and Migration Estimates, April 2024 - Central Statistics Office

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