Understanding Endometriosis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment Options

Endometriosis is a disease where tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, causing inflammation and scar tissue formation in the pelvic region and other parts of the body. The cause of endometriosis is unknown, and there is no known way to prevent it. Its symptoms can be treated with medicines or, in some cases, surgery. Symptoms often include severe pain in the pelvis, especially during menstrual periods, and some people have trouble getting pregnant. Endometriosis has significant social, public health, and economic implications that can decrease the quality of life due to severe pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and infertility. There is no known way to prevent endometriosis, but enhanced awareness, early diagnosis, and management may slow or halt the natural progression of the disease.

The diagnosis of endometriosis requires a careful history of menstrual symptoms and chronic pelvic pain. Although several screening tools and tests have been proposed, none are currently validated to accurately identify or predict individuals or populations most likely to have the disease. Endometriosis often presents symptoms that mimic other conditions, and this contributes to a diagnostic delay. There are different treatment options available to manage endometriosis, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, hormonal medicines, and analgesics. Still, no treatments cure the disease.

Endometriosis has a significant impact on the quality of life of affected individuals, leading to severe pain, fatigue, depression, anxiety, and infertility. Addressing endometriosis will empower those affected by supporting their human right to the highest standard of sexual and reproductive health, quality of life, and overall well-being. Endometriosis treatments can vary based on the severity of symptoms and whether pregnancy is desired. Hormonal medicines can help control pain, but there are different medications available to manage endometriosis and its symptoms. The need for histologic/laparoscopic confirmation should not prevent the commencement of empirical medical treatment.

More Info: who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/endometriosis